There are problems such as efficient match of multiples, influence of other noise and geometry when the virtual events method is used in real data. By studying on model data, an efficient matching method based on high-order and high-resolution Radon transform was presented, which had advantages in matching time and effect. There are also some quantitative analyses and parametric optimization on filter matrix and length of time window of the traditional matching methods. The authors made some quantitative analyses on the anti-noise capacity of virtual events method and discussed its range of application. The results have some referential meaning when the method is used in real data.

Conventional Rayleigh wave suppression methods take advantage of differences in frequencies or apparent velocities between surface waves and effective waves to separate Rayleigh waves. However, the suppression may fail when the waves present small differences. To solve this problem, the super-virtual interferometry method is introduced to predict and suppress Rayleigh waves. It is a data-driven method, which is independent of frequencies or apparent velocities, and presents good applicability to complex near surface. Compared with conventional interferometry method which only predicts inter-receiver Rayleigh waves and requires a real shot around the receiver position, the super-virtual interferometry method is able to achieve shot-receiver Rayleigh waves, followed by adaptive subtraction using multichannel L₁-norm. The synthetic data examples demonstrate the validity of the proposed method and obtain good results.